近年來，國際能源格局正在發(fā)生重大變革，能源系統(tǒng)從化石能源占絕對主導(dǎo)向低碳多種能源融合方向轉(zhuǎn)變，為應(yīng)對這一新趨勢，世界各主要經(jīng)濟體均密集出臺相關(guān)政策，以搶占能源資源和技術(shù)競爭的戰(zhàn)略制高點。而在歐洲，歐盟認(rèn)為新型鈉離子電池可以加速歐洲能源轉(zhuǎn)型。
自2018年以來，世界主要經(jīng)濟體都提出了發(fā)展新能源的支持政策，如：
①美國：2018年9?月，美國能源部(DOE)為儲能聯(lián)合研究中心(JCESR)投入?1.2?億美元(5?年)。
②中國：中國制造2025計劃。
③日本：2018?年?7?月，日本經(jīng)濟產(chǎn)業(yè)省下屬的新能源與工業(yè)技術(shù)開發(fā)組織(NEDO)通過了“創(chuàng)新性蓄電池-固態(tài)電池”開發(fā)項目。
④歐盟：2018?年?5?月，歐洲電池聯(lián)盟發(fā)布戰(zhàn)略行動計劃，將啟動預(yù)計規(guī)模為?10?億歐元的新型電池技術(shù)旗艦研究計劃;同時也包括了“地平線?2020”計劃和“地平線歐洲”框架計劃，明確支持“可再生能源存儲技術(shù)和有競爭力的電池產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈”。
歐盟“地平線2020研究和創(chuàng)新計劃”中“鈉離子材料作為制造用于非汽車應(yīng)用耐久電池的核心組件”項目（NAIMA），總金額約為800萬歐元。該項目已經(jīng)于2019年12月1日開始，將持續(xù)36個月。NAIMA項目目標(biāo)是為儲能行業(yè)提供新一代高性價比和高安全性的鈉離子電池。
NAIMA “Na Ion materials as essential components to manufacture robust battery cells for non-automotive applications” is a Horizon2020 Research and Innovation Programme project of almost 8 M€. The project started December 1st, 2019 and will last for 36 months. NAIMA project aims to develop a new generation of high-competitive and safe Na-ion cells for the current and future energy storage technologies.
在NAIMA項目中，將開發(fā)和測試兩種新一代具有高度競爭力和安全性的鈉離子電池。這兩種電池極有可能成為目前仍由亞洲工業(yè)界控制的儲能技術(shù)中廣泛應(yīng)用的鋰電池技術(shù)的最可靠和最具成本效益的替代品。這種顛覆性的鈉離子電池技術(shù)已經(jīng)得到了歐洲電池產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈（本項目合作群中的企業(yè)界合作伙伴）的支持，他們已經(jīng)切實承諾將對電池的所有組件的制造進行大量投資，從而確保歐盟國家在這個行業(yè)的話語權(quán)。
The NAIMA project will demonstrate that two new generations of highly competitive and safe Na-ion cells developed and tested during the project are some of the most robust and cost-effective alternatives to unseat current and future Li-based technologies in dedicated storage applications, nowadays controlled by Asian industry. The Na-ion disruptive technology is already supported by a solid European Battery value chain (industry partners of the consortium) through their solid commitment of substantial investments in the manufacturing of all components of a battery, preserving the ownership and industry strength around European countries.
NAIMA匯集了一個強有力和互補的項目合作群，包括來自8個歐洲國家（法國、德國、瑞典、保加利亞、西班牙、荷蘭、斯洛文尼亞和比利時）的15個合作伙伴，其中包括5個研發(fā)組織（CNRS、CEA、NIC、IHE、VITO）、6個中小企業(yè)（TIAMAT、BIOKOL、IEIT、GOLDLINE、ACC、ZABALA IC）和4個大公司（EDF、GESTAMP、SOLVAY、Umicore）。合作伙伴的良好平衡和跨領(lǐng)域的特點涵蓋了整個電池產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈以及項目所需的不同基礎(chǔ)研發(fā)領(lǐng)域。此外，一個國際專家顧問委員會將介入本項目的運行，使項目成為真正的商業(yè)案例。
NAIMA brings together a strong and complementary consortium, including 15 partners from 8 European countries (France, Germany, Sweden, Bulgaria, Spain, Netherlands, Slovenia and Belgium): 5 being R&D organisation (CNRS, CEA, NIC, IHE, VITO), 6 SMEs (TIAMAT, BIOKOL, IEIT, GOLDLINE, ACC, ZABALA IC) and 4 large companies (EDF, GESTAMP, SOLVAY, UMICORE). The well-balanced and interdisciplinary profiles of the partners cover the entire battery value chain along with the diverse fundamentals R&D fields required in the project. Moreover, an international advisory board will be involved in the development of the project, so that the use cases developed become real business models.
在項目框架內(nèi)，為了提供3個真實環(huán)境中鈉離子電池技術(shù)競爭力的可靠證據(jù)，本項目將在3個多規(guī)模業(yè)務(wù)場景中示范6個不同的鈉離子電池組（可再生能源發(fā)電-EDF法國電力公司/法國、工業(yè)儲能- GESTAMP/西班牙，家庭儲能-GOLDLINE/保加利亞）。為此，最終用戶（EDF、GESTAMP、GOLDLINE）的參與將在本項目執(zhí)行中發(fā)揮關(guān)鍵作用。作為嚴(yán)格的“技術(shù)評審”，這三個最終用戶將評估其自身作為“潛在買家”的可能性，即鈉離子電池技術(shù)是否有可能成為其業(yè)務(wù)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的一部分。此外，“可持續(xù)性方法”將通過定義清楚的二次利用和原材料的高回收率（>50%wt）來確保。這一方法將通過開發(fā)一種產(chǎn)品綜合評估方法得到加強，這種方法能夠在全生命周期評估（LCA）和生命周期成本計算（LCC）中結(jié)合技術(shù)、環(huán)境和社會責(zé)任等不同方面。
Within the framework of the project, 6 SIB prototypes will be tested in 3 multi-scale Business Scenarios to provide solid evidences about the competitiveness of the technology in 3 real environments (renewable generation – EDF/France, industry – GESTAMP/Spain and private household-GOLDLINE/Bulgaria).
To that end, the involvement of the end users (EDF, GESTAMP, GOLDLINE) will play a crucial role as strict “technology auditors” to assess the feasibly of becoming “potential buyers” of SIBs in their business ecosystems. Furthermore, the “sustainability approach” will be ensured by the definition of concrete 2nd life potential applications and the fulfilment of a high recycling efficiency rate (>50%wt). This approach will be reinforced by the development of a product integrated methodology capable to combine technical, environmental and social aspects in a full Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) and Life Cycle Costing (LCC).
NAIMA項目是進一步深入開發(fā)先進的、基礎(chǔ)的、實用鈉離子電池技術(shù)的的絕佳機會，以評估其在現(xiàn)實環(huán)境中的潛力，并幫助其實現(xiàn)商業(yè)化。從歐洲內(nèi)部采購這些電池的大部分材料的可能性非常符合歐盟委員會的戰(zhàn)略和意愿，將有助于降低鋰離子電池價值鏈中一些關(guān)鍵挑戰(zhàn)的風(fēng)險。
NAIMA Project is the perfect opportunity to further develop a deep, fundamental and practical knowledge of Na-ion technologies in order to assess their potential in realistic environments and help bring them to a commercial reality. The possibility to source most of the materials of these batteries from within Europe fits well with the strategy and willingness of the European Commission and would help de risking some of the key challenges with the value chain of Li-ion cells.
歐洲能源轉(zhuǎn)型中的外部環(huán)境
The context in the frame of Energy Transition
歐盟正在向歐共體能源聯(lián)盟戰(zhàn)略中規(guī)定的安全、可持續(xù)和有競爭力的能源體系過渡?？稍偕茉丛跉W盟能源市場的日益滲透，與最具綜合競爭力的技術(shù)，如風(fēng)能和太陽能的發(fā)展齊頭并進。不可調(diào)節(jié)的可再生能源發(fā)電對能源系統(tǒng)的靈活性提出了更高的要求，而且在能源系統(tǒng)中，越來越多的分布式儲能的比重也與日俱增。事實上，大量可再生能源設(shè)施的蓬勃發(fā)展，使得不同規(guī)模的工業(yè)級智能電網(wǎng)以及儲能系統(tǒng)得以部署，私人家庭生產(chǎn)的電力所占份額也在增加。
The EU is transitioning to a secure, sustainable and competitive energy system as laid out in the EC’s Energy Union strategy. The growing penetration of renewable energy sources in the EU energy market, go hand in hand with a high competitiveness of the most consolidated technologies: Wind Energy and Solar Photovoltaics. The non-dispatchable renewable generation requires a higher flexibility in the energy system, where the weight of much more decentralised installations grow day-to-day. In fact, the flourishing of a wide portfolio of renewable energy installations is allowing the deployment of large to small scale industrial electricity grids, and in an increased share of electricity produced in private households.
從目前來看，要確保未來鋰離子電池原材料的足夠供應(yīng)將是一個“奇跡”。在這種情況下，最可靠的非鋰電池的替代品是鈉離子電池技術(shù)。這項顛覆性技術(shù)已經(jīng)得到了一個穩(wěn)固的歐洲電池價值鏈（財團的行業(yè)合作伙伴）的支持，他們已經(jīng)確實承諾對電池的所有部件的制造進行大量投資，從而保持了歐洲各國在這個領(lǐng)域的話語權(quán)。
Just the availability of the raw materials of Li-ion cells is almost a “miracle”. Under this scenario, the most robust non-Lithium alternative is the technology based on Sodium ion (Na-ion). This disruptive technology is already supported by a solid European Battery value chain (industry partners of the consortium) through their solid commitment of substantial investments in the manufacturing of all components of a battery, preserving the ownership and industry strength around European countries.
*注釋：“地平線2020”科研規(guī)劃幾乎囊括了歐盟所有科研項目，分基礎(chǔ)研究、應(yīng)用技術(shù)和應(yīng)對人類面臨的共同挑戰(zhàn)三大部分，其主要目的是整合歐盟各國的科研資源，提高科研效率，促進科技創(chuàng)新，推動經(jīng)濟增長和增加就業(yè)。
（來源： 深水科技咨詢）
